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外観
無色澄明の液体
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定義
本品は、次の化学式で表される飽和直鎖アルカンである。
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溶解性
エタノール及びアセトンに溶け、水にほとんど溶けない。
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解説
C12H26(170.34)．CH3(CH2)10CH3．脂肪族飽和炭化水素(パラフィン族)の一つ．炭素数12のパラフィンには，現在までに物理定数の知られている構造異性体が355存在する．これらの異性体の総称として用いられる場合もあるが，このうち直鎖状のものをとくにドデカンといい，正ドデカンあるいはn-ドデカンとよばれることも多い．原油中に含まれる．製法は，ドデカン酸をヨウ化水素酸とリンとともに加熱する方法と，灯油留分から分留する方法とがある．無色の液体．融点－9.59 ℃，沸点216.28 ℃．d2540.74516．n25D1.41949．エタノール，アセトン，エーテルに可溶，水に不溶．溶剤および有機合成原料として用いられる．森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
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用途
溶剤、金属洗浄剤
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用途
有機合成原料、溶剤、触媒。
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用途
溶剤、有機合成、蒸留チェイサー、ジェット燃料の研究
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化粧品の成分用途
エモリエント剤
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化学的特性
Dodecane, C12H26, is a flammable, colorless liquid with
specific gravity 0.749. It occurs in the paraffin fraction of
petroleum. Dodecane is released to the environment by
wastewater and spills from laboratory and general use of
paraffins, petroleum oils, and tars.
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物理的性質
Clear, colorless liquid with a mild aliphatic hydrocarbon odor. An odor threshold concentration of
620 ppbv was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).
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使用
Dodecane is a component of
gasoline and is used as solvent, in organic synthesis, in jet
fuel research, as a distillation chaser, and in the rubber and
paper processing industries.
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定義
ChEBI: A straight-chain alkane with 12 carbon atoms. It has been form the essential oils of various plants including Zingiber officinale (ginger).
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調製方法
Dodecane is isolated from the kerosene and gas oil fractions
of crude oil by selective adsorption and subsequent desorption
to yield mixtures of paraffins that can be separated by
fractional distillation.
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一般的な説明
Clear colorless liquid.
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空気と水の反応
Flammable. Insoluble in water.
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反応プロフィール
Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as Dodecane, may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring of the hydrocarbon may occur followed by ignition of unreacted hydrocarbon and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons are mostly unreactive. They are not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. When heated sufficiently or when ignited in the presence of air, oxygen or strong oxidizing agents, they burn exothermically to produce carbon dioxide and water.
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火災危険
Dodecane is combustible.
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発がん性
Dodecane has been shown to be
a promoter of skin carcinogenesis for benzo[a]pyrene and
ultraviolet radiation.
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環境運命予測
Biological. Dodecane may biodegrade in two ways. The first is the formation of dodecyl
hydroperoxide which decomposes to 1-dodecanol. The alcohol is oxidized forming dodecanoic
acid. The other pathway involves dehydrogenation to 1-dodecene, which may react with water,
giving 1-dodecanol (Dugan, 1972).
Estimated half-lives of dodecane (0.3 μg/L) from an experimental marine mesocosm during the
spring (8–16 °C), summer (20–22 °C), and winter (3–7 °C) were 1.1, 0.7, and 3.6 d, respectively
(Wakeham et al., 1983).
Chemical/Physical. Complete combustion in air yields carbon dioxide and water. Dodecane will
not hydrolyze because it has no hydrolyzable functional group.
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純化方法
Pass it through a column of Linde type 13X molecular sieves. Store it in contact with, and distil it from sodium. Pass through a column of activated silica gel. It has been crystallised from diethyl ether at -60o. Unsaturated dry material which remained after passage through silica gel has been removed by catalytic hydrogenation (Pt2O) at 45lb/in2 (3.06 atmospheres), followed by fractional distillation under reduced pressure [Zook & Goldey J Am Chem Soc 75 3975 1953]. It has also purified by partial crystallisation from the melt. [Beilstein 1 IV 498.]
