グリコロニトリル

解説

グリコロニトリル，シアノヒドリンの一種。可燃性をもつ無色の油状液体。猛毒。容易にホルムアルデヒドとシアン化水素に分解する。ホルムアルデヒドシアノヒドリン。ヒドロキシアセトニトリル。

用途

溶剤、殺菌剤、防カビ剤および医薬品の合成時の有機中間体

化学的特性

light yellow liquid (typically available as a concentrated. Glycolonitrile [107-16-4], hydroxyacetonitrile, formaldehyde cyanohydrin, HOCH2CN, Mr 57.05, bp 183℃ (slight decomp.), d¹⁵₄ 1.104, n²⁰_D1.4117. Anhydrous glycolonitrile is a colorless liquid which is miscible with water, ethanol and diethyl ether.

使用

Solvent and organic intermediate.

調製方法

Glycolonitrile is the result of reaction between formaldehyde and aqueous sodium cyanide in the presence of mineral acid.

一般的な説明

Odorless colorless oil with a sweetish taste. Used in the manufacture of intermediates in pharmaceutical production, as a component of synthetic resins, as a chemical intermediate for organic compounds, and as a solvent.

空気と水の反応

Water soluble.

反応プロフィール

Glycolonitrile may undergo spontaneous and violent decomposition. Traces of alkali (base) promote violent polymerization [Lewis].

危険性

Toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption.

健康ハザード

Extremely toxic, exposure by any route should be avoided; may have fatal consequences; death from asphyxiation may occur similar to that resulting from hydrogen cyanide.

火災危険

Moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or by spontaneous chemical reaction in the presence of alkalies if uninhibited. When heated to decomposition, Glycolonitrile emits highly toxic fumes of cyanide and nitrogen oxides. Unstable, may explode on standing. Hazardous polymerization may occur. avoid the presence of alkalis, and exposure to heat.

職業ばく露

Formaldehyde cyanohydrin is used in the manufacture of intermediates in pharmaceutical produc tion and as a component of synthetic resins as a chemical intermediate for organic compounds, and as a solvent.

輸送方法

UN3276 Nitriles, liquid, toxic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required, Potential Inhalation Hazard (Special Provision 5). UN2810 Toxic liquids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.

不和合性

Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explo sions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, and exposure to heat. Unless stabilized with a weak acid solution, traces of alka lis may cause violent polymerization.