硫酸ナトリウム

外観

白色の粒状

定義

本品は、硫酸(*)のナトリウム塩であり、次の化学式で表される。
参照表示名称：硫酸

溶解性

水に溶けやすく、エタノール及びジエチルエーテルにほとんど溶けない。

用途

汎用試薬、脱水剤。

用途

ダイオキシン類分析の際、試料の前処理に使用する。

用途

汎用試薬、脱水剤、染料等の塩析剤。

用途

抽出溶媒の脱水剤。

用途

パルプ、合成洗剤、染色

用途

抽出溶媒の脱水剤(清澄剤)。

用途

脱水剤、塩析剤。

化粧品の成分用途

親水性増粘剤

効能

下剤

特長

強熱残分(600℃)…0.5％以下ダイオキシン類分析適合性……適合　　ダイオキシン(4～6塩素化物) : 1pg/L以下　　ダイオキシン(7,8塩素化物) : 5pg/L以下　　ジベンゾフラン(4～6塩素化物) : 1pg/L以下　　ジベンゾフラン(7,8塩素化物) : 5pg/L以下　　コプラナPCB : 5pg/L以下　　ノンオルト-Co-PCB(4～6塩素化物)4種類、　　モノオルト-Co-PCB(5～7塩素化物)8種類

使用上の注意

吸湿性が強い。

化学的特性

Sodium sulfate, NaS04, also known as thenardite and salt cake, is a crystalline compound that melts at 888°C (1632°C). Sodium sulfate is found in natural form(thenardite) in Chile and Spain. It is used in the manufacture of paperboard, glass,and freezing mixtures. The hydrate, Na2S04·10H20, also known as "Glauber's salt," is a white water-soluble solid formed by heating sodium chloride and sulfuric acid. It is used in dyeing,manufacturing glass,and in the preparation of sodium bisulfate.

物理的性質

Anhydrous sodium sulfate is a white crystalline powder; orthorhombic or hexagonal structure; hygroscopic; refractive index 1.468; hardness 2.8 Mohs; density 2.664 g/cm³; melts at 884°C; soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol.
The decahydrate consists of colorless monoclinic crystals; refractive index 1.394; hardness 1.8 Mohs; density 1.4 6g/cm³; decomposes at 32°C; soluble in water; insoluble in ethanol.

天然物の起源

Sodium sulfate occurs in nature as the minerals mirabilite and thenardite. While thenardite is the anhydrous form of Na²SO⁴, mirabilite is a naturallyoccurring decahydrate, Na₂SO₄?10H₂O.
Sodium sulfate is one of the most important sodium salts. The decahydrate,commonly known as the Glauber’s salt, was first prepared by Johann Glauber in the seventeenth century as a by-product in making hydrochloric acid from sulfuric acid and sodium chloride.
Sodium sulfate is used in manufacturing paper pulp by the Kraft Process. Other uses are in manufacturing glass and ultramarine; in dyeing and printing textiles; as a filler in synthetic detergents; and for standardizing dyes. A major use of anhydrous sodium sulfate is as an agent to remove water from organic solvents and their extracts for organic synthesis and instrumental analysis. Sodium sulfate is a common laboratory reagent. Also, it is used to prepare other sodium salts.

使用

Sodium sulfate is a filler in the manufacturing of synthetic detergents and soaps and a laboratory reagent. It may enhance the irritant action of certain detergents.

調製方法

Sodium sulfate is mined from its natural mineral deposits and subjected to purification.
Sodium sulfate is synthesized by the Mannheim process or Hargreaves process. Manheim’s process is based on Glauber’s reaction between sulfuric acid and sodium chloride: 2NaCl + H₂SO₄ → Na₂SO₄ + 2HCl↑
The process was devised by Johann Glauber to produce hydrochloric acid. Sodium sulfate is isolated from the solution by fractional crystallization.
Hargreaves’ process also was developed to produce hydrochloric acid. It is a variation of Mannheim’s method. In this method, sulfur dioxide is used instead of sulfuric acid. The reaction is as follows: 4NaCl + 2SO₂ + O₂ + 2H₂O → 2Na₂SO₄ + 4HCl↑
Sodium sulfate also is obtained as a byproduct of manufacturing phenol by caustic fusion.

定義

A white crystalline compound, Na₂SO₄, usually known as the anhydrous compound (orthorhombic; r.d. 2.67; m.p. 888°C) or the decahydrate (monoclinic; r.d. 1.46; which loses water at 100°C). The decahydrate is known as Glauber’s salt. A metastable heptahydrate (Na₂SO₄·7H₂O) also exists. All forms are soluble in water, dissolving to give a neutral solution. The compound occurs naturally as
mirabilite (Na₂SO_4·10H₂O),
threnardite (Na₂SO₄), and
glauberite (Na₂SO₄·CaSO₄).
Sodium sulphate may be produced industrially by the reaction of magnesium sulphate with sodium chloride in solution followed by crystallization, or by the reaction of concentrated sulphuric acid with solid sodium chloride. The latter method was used in the Leblanc process for the production of alkali and has given the name salt cake to impure industrial sodium sulphate. Sodium sulphate is used in the manufacture of glass and soft glazes and in dyeing to promote an even finish. It also finds medicinal application as a purgative and in commercial aperient salts.

一般的な説明

Sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) can be obtained directly via precipitation from a saturated solution of Na₂SO₄ at room temperature (20°C). Its crystallization and growth rates at room temperature (20°C) under various conditions have been investigated. Sodium sulfate can be produced during Leblanc process, from sodium chloride and sulfuric acid.

安全性プロファイル

Moderately toxic by intravenous route. Mildly toxic by ingestion. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic effects. Violent reaction with Al. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SOx and Na2O. See also SULFATES.

職業ばく露

Sodium sulfate is used in the manufacture of glass; as a precipitating agent in the manufacture of silver emulsions; as an analytical reagent; in making ultramarine and paper pulp; in ceramic glazes and pharmaceuticals; as a food additive; and a filler in synthetic detergents.

輸送方法

UN2630 Selenates or Selenites, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.

純化方法

Crystallise sodium sulfate from water at 30o (1.1mL/g) by cooling to 0o. It becomes anhydrous at 32o.

不和合性

Violent reaction with aluminum, magnesium. Attacks metals in the presence of moisture.

廃棄物の処理

Do not discharge waste sodium sulfate directly into sewers or surface waters. Recovered sodium sulfate may be disposed of by burial in a landfill.