炭化水素

定義

本品は、石油から得られる揮発性炭化水素の混合物である。

化粧品の成分用途

溶剤、消泡剤

説明

Crude oil is a complex mixture of chemicals. The relative composition of these chemicals is different in crude oil from different sources. However, the overall composition remains fairly consistent between sources. The chemical classes present in crude oil include paraffinic hydrocarbons, long-chain straight or branched carbon-based chemicals and naphthenic hydrocarbons, multiple-ringed carbon-based chemicals. Crude oil contains more than 30 parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The United States Environmental Protection Agency has designated 16 of them as priority pollutants and classified 7 of them as probable human carcinogens. Low percentages of sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen compounds, and trace quantities of many other elements such as metals (cadmium, mercury, lead, vanadium, nickel) are also present. The petroleum crude category contains only CAS Number 8002059 to identify all conventional crude oils and those derived from tar sands, regardless of source or hydrocarbon distribution.
Regulatory agencies have classified crude oil into categories (summarized in Table 1) that are useful to help understand how the oil will behave if released into the environment. However, weather conditions and water temperature greatly influence the behavior of oil in the environment and a Class B oil may become a Class C oil as volatiles evaporate, whereas a Class C oil may solidify and resemble a Class D oil at low temperatures (e.g., upon going deeper in the sea).

化学的特性

Rubber solvent is a clear, colorless, and flammable liquid, somewhat less volatile than petroleum ether.

使用

Rubber solvent is used as a solvent in the manufacture of adhesives, brake linings, rubber cements, tires, intaglio inks, paints, and lacquers, and in degreasing operations.

一般的な説明

Colorless liquid with a gasoline- or kerosene-like odor. A mixture of paraffins (C5 to C13). May contain a small amount of aromatic hydrocarbons. Flash point ranges from -40° F to -86° F
Petroleum oils comprise a mixture of hydrocarbons including the liquid paraffin series,CsH12 toCI6H34, the cycloparaffin or naphthene series, C17H36 to C27H56, and the gases,CH4 to C4H10. Petroleum is a heavy, flammable oil that is formed by the decomposition of animal and plant remains by fermentation or bacterial action in a low-temperature, high pressure reaction. Crude oil maybe designated as "sour" if it contains sulfur compounds. Petroleum is used mainly in the production of fuels and lubricants, but also provides raw materials for a wide range of chemicals called petrochemicals.

空気と水の反応

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

反応プロフィール

Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, which are contained in Lubricant base, may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring of the hydrocarbon may occur followed by ignition of unreacted hydrocarbon and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons are mostly unreactive. They are not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. When heated sufficiently or when ignited in the presence of air, oxygen or strong oxidizing agents, they burn exothermically to produce carbon dioxide and water. May be ignited by strong oxidizers.

健康ハザード

Vapor irritates respiratory tract, causes coughing and mild depression. Aspiration causes severe lung irritation with coughing, gagging, and rapidly developing pulmonary edema. Ingestion irritates mouth and stomach, causes nausea, vomiting, swelling of abdomen, cardiac arrhythmias.

安全性プロファイル

Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic, neoplastigenic, and tumorigenic data by skin contact. A dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or powerful oxicllzers. To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See I also MINERAL OIL.