綿実油

外観

無色～黄色, 澄明の液体

定義

本品は、シロバナワタ Gossypium herbaceum 又はその同属植物の種子から得られる脂肪油である。

溶解性

アセトンに溶け、エタノール及び水にほとんど溶けない。

解説

綿実油，綿繊維をとったあとの綿実から得られる半乾性油。ワタの主産地はアメリカ、インド、中国である。圧搾溶剤抽出法で採油する。種子の含油量15～35％、核の含油量35～40％。融点4～零下6℃。ヨウ素価90～120。けん化価190～200。成分脂肪酸は、リノール酸35～55％、オレイン酸15～35％、固体脂肪酸20～30％。固体脂肪酸が相当量存在するから、冷却してこれを析出させ、濾過(ろか)すれば、ウィンターオイルを得る。主として食用油として用いられる。またマーガリンにも使用される。油かすは良好な肥料となる。

用途

食料潤滑油、食用油

化粧品の成分用途

閉塞剤、皮膚コンディショニング剤、吸着剤

性質

ワタの種子から圧搾抽出法で採取，精製した液状油。種子の含油率は15～35％，核の部分は34～39％。油は半乾性油に属し，飽和脂肪酸含有のグリセリドが他の植物油に比べて比較的多く含まれ，常温で固形脂を析出する。融点4～－6℃，比重d415＝0.912～0.932，屈折率nD20＝1.472～1.477，ケン化価189～199，ヨウ素価88～121。脂肪酸組成の一例はリノール酸53％，パルミチン酸27％，オレイン酸17％，ステアリン酸3％である。

化学的特性

pale yellow liquid

使用

Cottonseed oil is a naturally occurring vegetable oil with insecticidal properties. It was used in the analysis of a calcimine compound.

調製方法

Cottonseed oil is the refined fixed oil obtained from the seed of cultivated varieties of Gossypium hirsutum Linne or of other species of Gossypium (Fam. Malvaceae). The seeds contain about 15% oil. The testae of the seeds are first separated and the kernels are then exposed to powerful expression in a hydraulic press. The crude oil thus obtained has a bright red or blackish-red color and requires purification before it is suitable for food or pharmaceutical purposes.
Cottonseed oil is refined by treatment with diluted alkali to neutralize acids, decolorized with fuller’s earth or activated carbon, deodorized with steam under reduced pressure, and chilled to separate glycerides and resinous substances of higher melting point.

一般的な説明

Odorless colorless to pale-yellow liquid. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Hence floats on water. Freezing point 32°F. Contains principally the glycerides of palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids.

空気と水の反応

Insoluble in water.

反応プロフィール

COTTONSEED OIL is sensitive to heat and light.

健康ハザード

None; is used as a food.

火災危険

COTTONSEED OIL is combustible.

応用例（製薬）

Cottonseed oil is used in pharmaceutical formulations primarily as a solvent for intramuscular injections. It has been used in intravenous emulsions as a fat source in parenteral nutrition regimens, although its use for this purpose has been superseded by soybean oil emulsions. It has also been used as an adjuvant in cholecystography and as a pediculicide and acaricide. It has the nutritive and emollient properties of fixed vegetable oils. By virtue of its high content of unsaturated acid glycerides (especially linoleic acid), it is used for dietary control of blood cholesterol levels in the prophylaxis and treatment of atherosclerosis. It is used as a solvent and vehicle for injections; as an emollient vehicle for other medications; and orally as a mild cathartic (in a dose of 30mL or more). It can also retard gastric secretion and motility, and increase caloric intake. It has been used in the manufacture of soaps, oleomargarine, lard substitutes, glycerin, lubricants, and cosmetics.
Cottonseed oil has been used as a tablet binder for acetaminophen; for characterization of the hot-melt fluid bed coating process;(1) in the manufacturing of stable oral pharmaceutical powders; in encapsulation of enzymes; and as an aqueous dispersion in pharmaceutical coating.

安全性プロファイル

Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Experimental teratogenic effects. An allergen. Combustible liquid when exposed to heat or flame. However, if allowed to impregnate rags or oily waste, it can become a dangerous hazard due to spontaneous heating. To fight fire, use COa, dry chemical.

安全性

Cottonseed oil emulsions have in the past been used in long-term intravenous nutrition regimens. A complex of adverse reactions,called the ‘overloading syndrome’has been seen with chronic administration of cottonseed oil emulsion. This consisted of anorexia,nausea,abdominal pain,headache,fever,and sorethroat. Signs of impaired liver function, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and spontaneous hemorrhage due to delayed blood clotting have been reported. For parenteral nutrition purposes, cottonseed oil has been replaced by soybean oil,especially in pregnant women, where the use of cottonseed lipid emulsion has been associated with adverse effects.
A notable difference between the cottonseed oil emulsion and the soybean oil emulsion is the particle size.The cottonseed oil emulsion has much larger particles than the soybean oil emulsion. These larger particles may have been handled differently by the body, thus perhaps accounting for some of the toxic reactions.

貯蔵

Cottonseed oil is stable if stored in a well-filled, airtight, lightresistant container in a cool, dry place. Avoid exposure to excessive heat.

規制状況(Regulatory Status)

Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (IM injections, oral, capsule, tablet and sublingual preparations). Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.