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外観
黄褐色のペースト
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定義
本品は、ラノリン(*)から得られる常温で固体の油脂である。参照表示名称：ラノリン
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解説
ラノリン，淡黄色または帯褐黄色で特有の臭気をもつ．エーテル，クロロホルムなどに可溶，水には溶けないが水と混和して軟膏状になる性質がある．成分は複雑で，ミリスチン酸，セロチン酸などのα-およびω-ヒドロキシカルボン酸，セリルアルコールなどの羊毛ろうアルコール，およびコレステロール，ラノステロールなどを含む．無水ラノリンは化粧品原料として有用で，容易に皮膚に吸収される性質がある．そのほか，化粧せっけん，保革油などの製造に用いられる．
森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
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用途
医薬品、化粧品の原料。
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化粧品の成分用途
エモリエント剤、ヘアコンディショニング剤、非水系増粘剤、結合剤、皮膚保護剤、乳化安定剤、乳化剤
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製造
羊毛の表面に付着しているろう物質で，羊毛を洗浄したときの廃液から回収される羊毛脂を精製したものをいう．
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化学的特性
Lanolin is a pale yellow-colored, unctuous, waxy substance with a
faint, characteristic odor. Melted lanolin is a clear or almost clear,
yellow liquid.
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使用
lanolin (hydrogenated) is a lanolin derivative.
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調製方法
Lanolin is a naturally occurring wax-like material obtained from
the wool of sheep, Ovis aries Linne′ (Fam. Bovidae).
Crude lanolin is saponified with a weak alkali and the resultant
saponified fat emulsion is centrifuged to remove the aqueous phase.
The aqueous phase contains a soap solution from which, on
standing, a layer of partially purified lanolin separates. This
material is then further refined by treatment with calcium chloride,
followed by fusion with unslaked lime to dehydrate the lanolin. The
lanolin is finally extracted with acetone and the solvent is removed
by distillation.
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定義
lanolin: An emulsion of purified wool fat in water, containing cholesteroland certain terpene alcoholsand esters. It is used in cosmetics.
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応用例（製薬）
Lanolin is widely used in topical pharmaceutical formulations and
cosmetics.
Lanolin may be used as a hydrophobic vehicle and in the
preparation of water-in-oil creams and ointments. When mixed
with suitable vegetable oils or with soft paraffin, it produces
emollient creams that penetrate the skin and hence facilitate the
absorption of drugs. Lanolin mixes with about twice its own weight
of water, without separation, to produce stable emulsions that do
not readily become rancid on storage.
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副作用
Most emollients can be used safely and effectively without side effects. However, burning, stinging, redness or irritation may occur. Rare and very serious allergic reactions are abnormal changes in the skin (e.g., whitening/softening/wetness from over-moisturisation), rashes, itching/swelling (especially on the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, and difficulty breathing. If any discomfort occurs, contact your doctor immediately.
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安全性
Lanolin is widely used in cosmetics and a variety of topical pharmaceutical formulations.
Although generally regarded as a nontoxic and nonirritant
material, lanolin and lanolin derivatives are associated with skin
hypersensitivity reactions, and the use of lanolin in subjects with
known sensitivity should be avoided. Other reports suggest that
‘sensitivity’ arises from false positives in patch testing.However,
skin hypersensitivity is relatively uncommon; the incidence of
hypersensitivity to lanolin in the general population is estimated to
be around 5 per million.
Sensitivity is thought to be associated with the content of free
fatty alcohols present in lanolin products rather than the total
alcohol content.The safety of pesticide residues in lanolin
products has also been of concern. However, highly refined
‘hypoallergenic’ grades of lanolin and grades with low pesticide
residues are commercially available.
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貯蔵
Lanolin may gradually undergo autoxidation during storage. To
inhibit this process, the inclusion of butylated hydroxytoluene is
permitted as an antioxidant. Exposure to excessive or prolonged
heating may cause anhydrous lanolin to darken in color and
develop a strong rancidlike odor. However, lanolin may be sterilized
by dry heat at 150°C. Ophthalmic ointments containing lanolin
may be sterilized by filtration or by exposure to gamma irradiation.
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不和合性
Lanolin may contain prooxidants, which may affect the stability of
certain active drugs.
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規制状況(Regulatory Status)
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (ophthalmic,
otic, topical, and vaginal preparations). Included in nonparenteral
medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of
Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.
