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外観
無色澄明の液体
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定義
本品は、ポリオキシエチレン、ポリオキシプロピレンのブロック共重合体であり、次の化学式で表される。
x：平均128、y：平均54、z：平均128
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溶解性
水及びエタノールに溶ける。
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化粧品の成分用途
結合剤、抗菌剤、可溶化剤、親水性増粘剤、溶剤、乳化安定剤、乳化剤、洗浄剤
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効能
抗炎症薬, 抗血栓薬
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化学的特性
Polyethylene-polypropylene glycol generally occur as white, waxy, free-flowing prilled granules, or as cast solids. They are practically odorless and tasteless. At room temperature, poloxamer 124 occurs as a colorless liquid.
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使用
Polyethylene-polypropylene glycol is a liquid surfactant polymer.
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調製方法
Poloxamer polymers are prepared by reacting propylene oxide with
propylene glycol to form polyoxypropylene glycol. Ethylene oxide
is then added to form the block copolymer.
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一般的な説明
Pluronic? L-81 is a lipoprotein secretion inhibitor.
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応用例（製薬）
Polyethylene-polypropylene glycol is nonionic polyoxyethylene–polyoxypropylene copolymers used primarily in pharmaceutical formulations as emulsifying or solubilizing agents.The polyoxyethylene segment is hydrophilic while the polyoxypropylene segment is hydrophobic. All of the Polyethylene-polypropylene glycol is chemically similar in composition, differing only in the relative amounts of propylene and ethylene oxides added during manufacture. Their physical and surface-active properties vary over a wide range and a number of different types are commercially available;
Polyethylene-polypropylene glycol is used as emulsifying agents in intravenous fat emulsions, and as solubilizing and stabilizing agents to maintain the clarity of elixirs and syrups. Polyethylene-polypropylene glycol may also be used as wetting agents; in ointments, suppository bases, and gels; and as tablet binders and coatings.
Poloxamer 188 has also been used as an emulsifying agent for fluorocarbons used as artificial blood substitutes, and in the preparation of solid-dispersion systems. More recently,Polyethylene-polypropylene glycol has found use in drug-delivery systems.
Therapeutically, poloxamer 188 is administered orally as a wetting agent and stool lubricant in the treatment of constipation; it is usually used in combination with a laxative such as danthron. Polyethylene-polypropylene glycol may also be used therapeutically as wetting agents in eye-drop formulations, in the treatment of kidney stones, and as skin-wound cleansers.
Poloxamer 338 and 407 are used in solutions for contact lens care.
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生物活性
Polyethylene-polypropylene glycol(Poloxamer 188) is a copolymer surfactant. Poloxamer 188 exhibits antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activities in various tissue injury models. It can be used to treat sickle cell disease in children and adults. It has also been shown to be protective against ischaemic injury, cardiomyopathy and cerebral haemorrhage.
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安全性プロファイル
When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes.
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安全性
Polyethylene-polypropylene glycol is used in a variety of oral, parenteral, and topical pharmaceutical formulations, and are generally regarded as nontoxic and nonirritant materials.Polyethylene-polypropylene glycol is not metabolized in the body.
Animal toxicity studies, with dogs and rabbits, have shown Polyethylene-polypropylene glycol to be nonirritating and nonsensitizing when applied in 5% w/v and 10% w/v concentration to the eyes, gums, and skin.
In a 14-day study of intravenous administration at concentrations up to 0.5 g/kg/day to rabbits, no overt adverse effects were noted. A similar study with dogs also showed no adverse effects at dosage levels up to 0.5 g/kg/day. In a longer-term study, rats fed 3% w/w or 5% w/w of poloxamer in food for up to 2 years did not exhibit any significant symptoms of toxicity. However, rats receiving 7.5% w/w of poloxamer in their diet showed some decrease in growth rate.
No hemolysis of human blood cells was observed over 18 hours at 25°C, with 0.001–10% w/v poloxamer solutions.
(mouse, IV): 1 g/kg
(mouse, oral): 15 g/kg
(mouse, SC): 5.5 g/kg
(rat, IV): 7.5 g/kg
(rat, oral): 9.4 g/kg
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貯蔵
Polyethylene-polypropylene glycol is stable materials. Aqueous solutions are stable in the presence of acids, alkalis, and metal ions. However, aqueous solutions support mold growth.
The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dry place.
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不和合性
Depending on the relative concentrations, poloxamer 188 is
incompatible with phenols and parabens.
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規制状況(Regulatory Status)
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (IV injections;
inhalations, ophthalmic preparations; oral powders, solutions,
suspensions, and syrups; topical preparations). Included in nonparenteral
medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian
List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.
