フロセミド

解説

4-chloro-N-furfuryl-5-sulfamoylanthranilic acid．C12H11ClN2O5S(330.74)．2,4-ジクロロ安息香酸にアミノスルホニル基を導入し，2-アミノメチルフランと縮合させると得られる．白色の結晶．分解点205 ℃．フロセミドは，水に不溶，メタノール，アセトンに可溶，DMFに易溶．高血圧症，うっ血性心不全治療薬として使用される．また，降圧利尿剤として尿路結石排出促進に用いられる．LD50 3000 mg/kg(ラット，経口)．森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）

用途

フロセミド (Furosemide)は、心不全、肝硬変、腎疾患（英語版）による浮腫の治療に用いられるループ利尿薬の一つである。降圧を目的とした処方も行われる。

用途

利尿剤。フロセミドは，腎臓のヘンレ係蹄でのナトリウム再吸収を抑制する，すなわち尿の濃縮，希釈機構を抑制することにより，血漿とほぼ同じ浸透圧の尿を生成する。また，遠位尿細管にナトリウムが流入するため，カリウムの排泄が促進される。ネフローゼ症候群，慢性腎不全に用いられる。副作用としては低カリウム血症，代謝性アルカロージス，聴力障害，高尿酸血症などを起すおそれがある。

効能

利尿薬, Na-K-Cl共輸送体阻害薬

商品名

オイテンシン (サノフィ); ラシックス (サノフィ); ラシックス (サノフィ); ラシックス (サノフィ)

説明

Furosemide (Item No. 26298) is an analytical reference standard categorized as a diuretic. Formulations containing diuretics, including furosemide, have been misused in sports for weight reduction and as masking agents in humans and to prevent exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in racehorses. This product is intended for use in analytical forensic applications. This product is also available as a general research tool .

化学的特性

white to light yellow crystal powde

使用

Furosemide inhibits ion co-transport in the kidney. Furosemide is used as a diuretic.

定義

A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration and anti-hypertensive agent.

一般的な説明

Odorless white to slightly yellow crystalline powder. A diuretic drug. Almost tasteless.

空気と水の反応

Light sensitive. Air sensitive. Slightly soluble in water.

反応プロフィール

Furosemide may undergo hydrolysis at sufficiently low pH. The pH of aqueous solutions should be maintained in the basic range to prevent hydrolysis. Alcohol has been shown to improve the stability of Furosemide. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents .

危険性

Poison; moderately toxic; teratogen; questionable carcinogen; mutagen.

火災危険

Flash point data for Furosemide are not available; however, Furosemide is probably combustible.

生物活性

Loop diuretic that inhibits the Na + /2Cl - /K + (NKCC) cotransporter. Also acts as a non-competitive antagonist at GABA A receptors with ~ 100-fold greater selectivity for α 6-containing receptors than α 1-containing receptors.

作用機序

Furosemide is a highly effective and quick-acting diuretic whose action, like all of the examined loop diuretics, is associated with blocking reabsorption of ions in the ascending bend of Henle’s loop. It is used for edema syndrome of various origins, edema of the lungs and brain, chronic renal insufficiency, some forms of hypertonic crises, and poisoning by barbiturates and other compounds excreted mainly with urine.

臨床応用

Furosemide has a saluretic effect 8- to 10-fold that of the thiazide diuretics; however, it has a shorter duration of action (~6–8 hours). Furosemide causes a marked excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate ions, with as much as 25% of the filtered load of sodium excreted in response to initial treatment. It is effective for the treatment of edemas connected with cardiac, hepatic, and renal sites. Because it lowers the blood pressure similar to the thiazide derivatives, one of its uses is in the treatment of hypertension.

副作用

Clinical toxicity of furosemide and other loop diuretics primarily involves abnormalities of fluid and electrolyte balance. As with the thiazide diuretics, hypokalemia is an important adverse effect that can be prevented or treated with potassium supplements or coadministration of potassium-sparing diuretics. Increased calcium ion excretion can be a problem for postmenopausal osteopenic women, and furosemide generally should not be used in these individuals. Hyperuricemia, glucose intolerance, increased serum lipid levels, ototoxicity, and gastrointestinal side effects might be observed as well. Hypersensitivity reactions also are possible with furosemide (a sulfonamide-based drug), and cross-reactivity with other sulfonamide containing drugs is possible.

安全性プロファイル

Poison by intravenous route. Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects by intravenous route: change in the sensitivity of the ear to sound, tinnitus, unspecified effects on the heart, constriction of the arteries, a decrease in urine volume, interstitial nephritis, metabolic alkalosis, pulse rate decrease, fall in blood pressure. Ingestion can damage the liver. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic effects. Human mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Cl-, NOx, and SOx.