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外観
白色～わずかにうすい黄色, 粉末
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定義
本品は、ビスマスのオキシ塩化物であり、次の化学式で表される。
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溶解性
硝酸に溶け、水にほとんど溶けない。
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用途
化粧品、顔料、乾電池の陰極、医薬、人造真珠。
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化粧品の成分用途
着色剤
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化学的特性
Bismuth oxychloride is a white Lustorus powder, It is an inorganic white pigment commonly used in foundations, blushes and other color cosmetics. Bismuth oxychloride usually comes in two forms: diamond and pearl finishes. The diamond is shimmery and the pearl is more matte.
Bismuth is the least toxic of its periodic table neighbors like lead, tin, antimony and polonium. Bismuth in itself is not safe for use in cosmetics, and must be refined and combined with other elements to produce bismuth oxychloride.
Bismuth occurs naturally, but in very small amounts. Most of the bismuth produced in the USA is as a by-product from refining lead, tin, copper, silver and gold ores.
Once the bismuth has been harvested, it is further refined through several processes to remove dangerous elements like lead. Then it is chlorinated, which gives us bismuth chloride (BiCl3). It still poses a severe risk at this point, smelling of hydrochloric acid. When bismuth chloride is combined with water, it starts to decompose and part of the chlorine is replaced by oxygen from the water. This process is called hydrolysis. The remaining compound is bismuth, chlorine and oxygen = Bismuth oxychloride.
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物理的性質
White powder or tetragonal crystals; density 7.72 g/cm3; practically insoluble in water, alcohol and acetone; soluble in hydrochloric and nitric acids (with decomposition); Ksp 7.0 x 10-9.
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使用
bismuth oxychloride is an inorganic color additive. It is used mostly in makeup manufacturing and rarely in skin care formulations. It may also be used for pearlization in cosmetics.
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製造方法
Bismuth oxychloride is made by treating bismuth chloride with water and then drying the white precipitate so formed to expel a molecule of water:
BiCl3 + 2H2O → Bi(OH)2Cl + 2HCl
Bi(OH)2Cl → BiOCl + H2O
Also, the compound is prepared by treating a dilute nitric acid solution of bismuth nitrate with sodium chloride.
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一般的な説明
Odorless white solid. Sinks in water.
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反応プロフィール
BISMUTH OXYCHLORIDE emits toxic fumes of chloride ion and bismuth when heated to decomposition [USCG, 1999].
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健康ハザード
Contact with dust causes mild eye irritation and can cause skin rashes.
