ベンザルコニウム クロライド

外観

無色～わずかにうすい黄色, 澄明の液体

定義

本品は、次の化学式で表される塩化アルキルベンジルジメチルアンモニウムの混合物である。
R：カプリル基で始まり、ラウリル基、ミリスチル基、及びセチル基の一部、または全ての混合物

溶解性

水、エタノール及びアセトンに極めて溶けやすい。

用途

医薬(殺菌消毒剤)、医薬部外品添加物(化粧品等)

化粧品の成分用途

帯電防止剤、分散剤、忌避剤.殺虫剤、抗菌剤、殺菌剤、消臭剤

効能

殺菌消毒薬, 保存剤

商品名

ALクレミール (サンケミファ); インスベン (吉田製薬); ウエッシュクリーン (ニプロ); ウエルパス (丸石製薬); ウエルパス (丸石製薬); オスバン (日本製薬); オスバン (日本製薬); オスバン (日本製薬); オスバン (日本製薬); オスバンラビング (日本製薬); オスバンラビング (日本製薬); オロナイン (大塚製薬工場); カネパス (兼一薬品工業); クレミール (サンケミファ); ザルコニン (健栄製薬); ザルコニン (健栄製薬); ザルコニン (健栄製薬); ザルコニン (健栄製薬); ザルコニン (健栄製薬); ザルコニン (健栄製薬); ザルコニン (健栄製薬); ザルコニン (健栄製薬); ザルコラブ (ヤクハン製薬); ヂアミトール (丸石製薬); ヂアミトール (丸石製薬); ヂアミトール (日興製薬); ヂアミトール (日興製薬); ヂアミトール (日興製薬); ヂアミトール (日興製薬); ヂアミトール (日興製薬); トリゾン (小堺製薬); トリゾン (小堺製薬); ネオザルコニン (健栄製薬); ハンドコール (日興製薬); パームアレン (関東化学); ビオシラビング (シオエ製薬); ベルコム (吉田製薬); ベンザルコニウム塩化物 (ニプロ); ベンザルコニウム塩化物 (マイラン製薬); ベンザルコニウム塩化物 (マイラン製薬); ベンザルコニウム塩化物 (兼一薬品工業); ベンザルコニウム塩化物 (吉田製薬); ベンザルコニウム塩化物 (大成薬品工業); ベンザルコニウム塩化物 (日医工); ベンザルコニウム塩化物 (日医工); ベンザルコニウム塩化物 (日医工); ベンザルコニウム塩化物 (日興製薬); ベンザルコニウム塩化物 (日興製薬); ベンザルコニウム塩化物 (昭和製薬); ベンザルコニウム塩化物 (東豊薬品); ベンゼットラブ (東洋製薬化成); ラビネット (健栄製薬); リナパス (中北薬品); 塩化ベンザルコニウム (サラヤ); 塩化ベンザルコニウム (ヤクハン製薬); 塩化ベンザルコニウム (中北薬品); 塩化ベンザルコニウム (山善製薬); 塩化ベンザルコニウム (恵美須薬品化工); 塩化ベンザルコニウム (日医工); 塩化ベンザルコニウム (東洋製薬化成); 塩化ベンザルコニウム (東海製薬); 塩化ベンザルコニウム (東海製薬); 塩化ベンザルコニウム (高杉製薬); 逆性石ケンA液 (吉田製薬); 逆性石ケン液 (三恵薬品); 逆性石ケン液 (吉田製薬); 逆性石ケン液 (吉田製薬); 逆性石ケン液 (吉田製薬); 逆性石ケン液 (吉田製薬); 逆性石ケン液 (吉田製薬); 逆性石ケン液 (吉田製薬); 逆性石ケン液 (吉田製薬); 逆性石ケン液 (吉田製薬); 逆性石鹸消毒液 (シオエ製薬)

使用上の注意

殺菌力は菌体への吸着によるものであるが、有機物の存在や汚染により競合吸着が発生し、殺菌力が低下するので注意が必要である。また、石鹸(陰イオン界面活性剤)は沈殿を発生し、殺菌力を低下させる。

説明

Benzalkonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium mixture of alkyl, dimethyl and benzyl ammonium chlorides.It is an irritant rather than a sensitizer, but may cause contact dermatitis in nursing and medical personnel. An unusual case was reported in a farm worker who used a detergent containing benzalkonium chloride to clean the piggery.

化学的特性

Benzalkonium chloride occurs as a white or yellowish-white amorphous powder, a thick gel, or gelatinous flakes. It is hygroscopic, soapy to the touch, and has a mild aromatic odor and very bitter taste.

使用

benzalkonium chloride is a preservative with anti-microbial and deodorant properties. It can also be used as a surfactant. With continuous use, it may cause occasional allergic reactions.

定義

ChEBI: A class of quaternary ammonium chloride salts in which the nitrogen is substituted by a benzyl group, two methyl groups and an even-numbered alkyl chain.

調製方法

Benzalkonium chloride is formed by the reaction of a solution of Nalkyl- N-methylbenzamine with methyl chloride in an organic solvent suitable for precipitating the quaternary compound as it is formed.

危険性

Highly toxic; poison.

応用例（製薬）

Benzalkonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound used in pharmaceutical formulations as an antimicrobial preservative in applications similar to other cationic surfactants, such as cetrimide. In ophthalmic preparations, benzalkonium chloride is one of the most widely used preservatives,at a concentration of 0.01–0.02% w/v. Often it is used in combination with other preservatives or excipients, particularly 0.1% w/v disodium edetate, to enhance its antimicrobial activity against strains of Pseudomonas.
In nasal, and otic formulations a concentration of 0.002–0.02% w/v is used, sometimes in combination with 0.002–0.005% w/v thimerosal. Benzalkonium chloride 0.01% w/v is also employed as a preservative in small-volume parenteral products. Benzalkonium chloride was also shown to enhance the topical penetration of lorazepam.
Benzalkonium chloride is additionally used as a preservative in cosmetics.

农业用途

Biocide, Algaecide, Fungicide: Used as an algaecide to control slime mold, algae, fish pathogens, and mollusks in ponds, canals and bodies of water. Also widely used in deodorants, detergents, sanitizers and germicides for applications in food plants, laundries, and operating rooms. Not listed for use in EU countries . Registered for use in the U.S. but not California.

製品名

AMMONYX®; ARQUAD DMMCB-75®; BARQUAT® MB-50; BARQUAT® MB-80; BAYCLEAN®; BIO-QUAT 50-24®; CATAMINE® AB; CONSAN®; DRAPOLENE®; GARDIQUAT®-1450; HYAMINE®-3500; INTEXAN® LB-50; KATAMINE® AB; NEO GERM-I-TOL®; ONYX BTC; OSVAN; RODALON®; SENTINEL®; TRITON® K-60; VIKROL® RQ

接触アレルゲン

This quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant is a mixture of alkyl, dimethyl, and benzyl ammonium chlorides (-R). It is an irritant rather than a sensitizer, but may cause allergic contact dermatitis from creams, detergents/antiseptics, ophthalmic preparations, and in nursing, veterinary, dental, and medical personnel. Its presence was observed in plaster of Paris.

臨床応用

Alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride (Zephiran) is a mixtureof alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides of the generalformula [C6H5CH2N(CH3)2R] Cl , where R represents amixture of alkyl chains beginning with C8H17 and extendingto higher homologues with C12H25, C14H29, and C16H33. The higher–molecular-weight homologues compose the majorfractions. Although variations in the physical and antimicrobialproperties exist between individual members of the mixture,they are of little importance in the chemistry of the overallproduct. Benzalkonium chloride occurs as a white gel thatis soluble in water, alcohol, and organic solvents. Aqueous solutionsare colorless, slightly alkaline, and very foamy.
Benzalkonium chloride is a detergent, an emulsifier, anda wetting agent. It is used as an antiseptic for skin and mucousmembranes in concentrations of 1:750 to 1:20,000. Forirrigation, 1:20,000 to 1:40,000 concentrations are used. Forstorage of surgical instruments, 1:750 to 1:5,000 concentrationsare used, with 0.5% NaNO3 added as a preservative.

副作用

Clinically, benzalkonium chloride may cause eye irritation and is known to discolour soft contact lenses. Benzalkonium chloride in eye drops has also been reported to cause punctate keratopathy and/or toxic ulcerative keratopathy, especially in frequent or prolonged use or in conditions where the cornea is compromised.

貯蔵

Benzalkonium chloride is hygroscopic and may be affected by light, air, and metals.
Solutions are stable over a wide pH and temperature range and may be sterilized by autoclaving without loss of effectiveness. Solutions may be stored for prolonged periods at room temperature. Dilute solutions stored in polyvinyl chloride or polyurethane foam containers may lose antimicrobial activity.
The bulk material should be stored in an airtight container, protected from light and contact with metals, in a cool, dry place.

不和合性

Incompatible with aluminum, anionic surfactants, citrates, cotton, fluorescein, hydrogen peroxide, hypromellose,iodides, kaolin, lanolin, nitrates, nonionic surfactants in high concentration, permanganates, protein, salicylates, silver salts, soaps, sulfonamides, tartrates, zinc oxide, zinc sulfate, some rubber mixes, and some plastic mixes.
Benzalkonium chloride has been shown to be adsorbed to various filtering membranes, especially those that are hydrophobic or anionic.

規制状況(Regulatory Status)

Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (inhalations, IM injections, nasal, ophthalmic, otic, and topical preparations). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. It is also included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.