ビャクダン油

定義

本品は、ビャクダン Santalum album の心材から得られる精油である。

解説

ビャクダン油は，ビャクダン科Santalum albumの材部から得られる芳香油．ビャクダン科ビャクダンの幹や根の水蒸気蒸留によって収油率5～6％で得られる特有の甘味のある芳香を有する精油。ビャクダンは古くから知られた香木で、東インド産ビャクダンはインド南西部カルナータカ州が主産地である。インドでは国有であって年間約2000トンを産出し、その10％は材として用いられるが、大部分はびゃくだん油製造原料にあてられている。その成分はαおよびβ‐サンタレン（10％）、αおよびβ‐サンタロール（90％）である。d150.974～0.985．n20D1.505～1.508．びゃくだん香水，医薬品などに用いられる．せっけん香料、化粧品香料、薫香、医薬に用いられる。

化粧品の成分用途

溶剤、香料

化学的特性

Sandalwood oil is obtained by steam distillation of the heartwood of sandalwood trees, formerly mainly from the East Indian species Santalum album L. (Santalaceae). It is a slightly viscous, almost colorless to yellow liquid with a characteristic, sweet, woody, long-lasting odor.
d²⁰₂₀ 0.968–0.983; n²⁰_D 1.5030–1.5090; α²⁰_D ?21 ° to ?12 °; solubility: 1 vol ≤ 5 vol of 70% ethanol at 20 °C; ester number: max. 10; free alcohol content (calculated as santalol): min. 90%.
Santalum sandalwood oil consists almost exclusively of closely related sesquiterpenoids; by far, the main constituents are the alcohols α-santalol, 41–55%, and β-santalol, 16–24%. Mainly responsible for the odor is β-santalol.
The trees cultivated for oil production must be at least 30 years old to make oil production profitable. The oil yield, calculated on the amount of wood used for steam distillation, is 4–6.5%.The oil was formerly produced in India and Indonesia in annual quantities of some 100t. In the past decades, the natural resources in India are on the decline and the production in Indonesia has decreased significantly. Alternatively, Australian sandalwood oil has been introduced on the market. This oil type is obtained from Santalum spicatum (R.Br.) A. DC. It also contains santalols as main constituents but differs somewhat in the remaining composition.
Australian sandalwood oil is a colorless to slightly yellow viscous liquid, d²⁰₂₀ 0.945–0.980; n²⁰_D 1.500–1.517; α20 D ?16 ° to +4 °; solubility: 1 vol≤5 vol of 70% ethanol at 20 °C. α-santalol 15–25%; α-santalol 5–20%.

物理的性質

The oil is a pale-yellow to yellow liquid. It is soluble in most fixed oils, mineral oil (sometimes with haziness) and propylene glycol. It is insoluble in glycerin

使用

sandalwood oil (Santalum album)(santal; santalum) is credited with astringent, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, tonic, stimulant, cooling, and soothing properties. It is also considered a good anti-septic in cases of acne and an astringent for oily skin. There are indications that sandalwood oil may promote epidermal cell turnover as some report it stimulates fibroblast growth. Sandalwood could help prevent the skin dryness associated with seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, and eczema. In addition, some manufacturers utilize it as a natural colorant to give products a light red or rose tone. Sandalwood oil might produce a rash in hypersensitive people, especially if it is present in high concentrations. It is produced by distillation of the inner wood.

精油の成分

East Indian sandalwood essential oil consists mainly of α-santalol (90%) with traces of phenols, lactones and terpenes. The oil obtained from the heartwood of the plant contains approximately 90% of α- and β-santalols and several other minor components including sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (~6%). The santalols are responsible for the pleasant odor. The seed oil contains stearolic acid and santalbic acid.

安全性プロファイル

Low toxicity by ingestion and skin contact. A sktn irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.