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外観
白色, 結晶～結晶性粉末
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定義
本品は、次の化学式で表される環状六価アルコールである。
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溶解性
水に易溶。エタノールに微溶。エーテルに不溶。水に溶けやすく、エタノール及びエーテルに極めて溶けにくい。
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解説
イノシトールinositolとも呼ぶ。1871年にJ.F.vonリービヒにより，酵母などの発育促進因子としてその存在が予想され，20世紀に入り，その実体がシクロヘキサンヘキサオールであることがわかった。ビタミンB2群の一員で，欠乏によって脱毛などが起こる。また過コレステロール症に対する医薬品としても用いられる。9種の立体異性体が理論的に可能であるが，天然にはミオイノシット(ミオイノシトール)など4種が確認されているだけである。
株式会社平凡社 世界大百科事典 第２版について 情報
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化粧品の成分用途
ヘアコンディショニング剤、保水剤
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効能
ビタミンB補充薬
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応用
イノシット,ビタミンB2群の一員で，欠乏によって脱毛などが起こる。また過コレステロール症に対する医薬品としても用いられる。9種の立体異性体が理論的に可能であるが，天然にはミオイノシット(ミオイノシトール)など4種が確認されているだけである。
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説明
Inositol (hexahydroxycyclohexane) is a widely distributed natural
constituent of plant and animal tissues. The animal tissues richest
in inositol are brain, heart, stomach, kidney, spleen, and liver,
where it occurs free or as a component of phospholipids. Among
plants, cereals are rich sources of inositol, particularly in the form
of polyphosphoric acid esters, called phytic acids. Although there
are several possible optically active and inactive isomers, considerations of inositol as a food additive refer specifically to optically inactive cis-1,2,3,5-trans-4,6-cyclohexanehexol, which is preferably designated myo-inositol.
Pure inositol is a stable, white, sweet, crystalline compound. The
Food Chemicals Codex specifies that it assay not less than
97.0 percent, melt between 224 and 227°, and contain not more
than 3 ppm arsenic, 10 ppm lead, 20 ppm heavy metals (as Pb),
60 ppm sulfate, and 50 ppm chloride.
Inositol was thought for a time to be a vitamin because experimental animals on a synthetic diet developed clinical signs that
were corrected by inositol supplementation. However, no cofactor
or catalytic function for inositol has been found; it can be synthesized and occurs in relatively high concentration in animal tissues.
These factors argue against its classification as a vitamin. A dietary
requirement in man has not been established.
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化学的特性
white powder
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使用
Myo-Inositol is a growth factor for animals and microorganisms. It is the most abundant form of polyols that serves as a structural element of secondary messengers in eukaryotic cells. It is used as an adulterant in many illegal drugs like cocaine and methamphetamine. Further, it is used as a stand-in for cocaine on television and film.
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定義
ChEBI: Inositol is an inositol having myo-configuration. It is a natural sugar found in cell membrane phospholipids, plasma lipoproteins, and (as the phosphate form) in the nucleus with potential chemopreventive properties. As one of a number of intracellular phosphate compounds, inositol is involved in cell signaling and may stimulate tumor cell differentiation.
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一般的な説明
Myoinositol is a stereoisomeric form of inositol, and is very often found in many plants and in tissues of animals and plants. It acts as a second messenger, thereby is very important for the signal pathways of cells. It generally finds application in being used as a natural insulin sensitizer in PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome) patients. Myoinositol acts in a PCOS pathway by improving insulin sensitivity, thereby sequentially increasing intracellular glucose uptake.
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純化方法
Recrystallise myo-inositol from aqueous 50% ethanol or H2O forming a dihydrate, or anhydrous crystals from AcOH. The dihydrate is efflorescent and becomes anhydrous when heated at 100o . The anhydrous crystals are not hygroscopic. Its solubility in H2O at 25o is 14%, at 60o it is 28%; it is slightly soluble in EtOH but insoluble in Et2O. [Ballou & Anderson J Am Chem Soc 7 5 748 1953, Anderson & Wallis J Am Chem Soc 70 2931 1948, Beilstein 6 II 1157, 6 IV 7919.]
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Clinical claims and research
Some researches have found that inositol enhanced cisplatin-induced histopathological improvements in the uterus and ovaries, raising progesterone and estradiol serum levels. Hence, Inositol shield against cisplatin-related infertility by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis in the uterus and ovaries. Inositol stereoisomers are naturally occurring molecules that readily cross the blood-brain barrier . It may represent a viable treatment for AD through the complexation of Abeta and attenuation of Abeta neurotoxic effects[1-2].
