83150-76-9

Octreotide is a long-acting somatostatin analog indicated for symptomatic control in acromegaly and gastroenteropancreatic tumors. Other potential uses under investigation include diabetes, psoriasis and Alzheimer's disease.

Sandoz (Switzerland)

Antisecretory (gastric).

Octreotide acetate (83150-76-9) is a synthetic peptide analogue of the hormone somatostatin. Its actions include inhibition of the pituitary secretion of growth hormone and an inhibition of pancreatic islet cell secretion of insulin and glucagon. Unlike somatostatin, which has a plasma half-life of a few minutes, octreotide has a plasma elimination half-life of 1 to 2 hours. Excretion of the drug is primarily renal.

Synthesis of octreotide and derivative thereof can be carried out by two methods. The first method is synthesized initially by fragment condensation solution phase procedures. The synthetic process of octreotide has been described by Bauer et al. (1). The second method is the synthese by solidphase procedures. Edward et al. (2) isolated side chain protected octreotide with a total yield of 14% by cleaving the protected peptide from the resin with threoninol. Arano et al. (3) carried out another solid phase method for octreotide. and produced it in overall 31.8% yield based on the starting FmocThr(tBu)-ol-resin. The basic difference from the other procedures already described is that the introduction of the threoninol is carried out upon the protected peptidic structure (resin-free), which, when appropriately activated, leads quantitatively and without needing to make temporary protections upon the threoninol, to the protected precursor of octreotide, which in turn, with a simple acid treatment leads to octreotide with very high yields.
At first the Fmoc-Cys-Cl-trityl-resin was prepared. The incorporation of the Fmoc-Cys(trt)-OH residue upon 2Cl-Trt resin is accomplished with an excess of 1 eq. of Fmoc-Cys(Trt) and 2.5 eq. of N,N'-diisopropylethylamine (DIEA).
2.93 g (5.0 mmol) of Fmoc-Cys(Trt) are incorporated upon 5 g of resin (f = 1.28 mmol/g of resin, 6.4 mmol). The resin and the amino acid are weighed in separate containers and left to dry in a vacuum with KOH, for a minimum of two hours. A 1/1 solution of DIEA and CH2Cl2 (DCM) (dry on a 4A sieve) is prepared. The already dry amino acid is dissolved with dry DCM at a concentration of 0.1 g of resin per ml, adding the minimum quantity of dry DMF to complete the dissolution. 1/3 of the 1.8 ml (12.5 mmol) DIEA solution is added to this transparent solution in 1.8 ml of DCM. This is thoroughly homogenized and added to the dry resin. It is subjected to vigorous magnetic agitation for five minutes and the rest of the DIEA is added to the reaction; the mixture is allowed to react for forty minutes more. Then, 4 ml of dry MeOH are added and allowed to react for 10 minutes, after which the resin is filtered and the washings described below are carried out.

Sandostatin (Novartis).

Antiulcer, Growth hormone inhibitor

Octreotide acetate, a long-acting octapeptide analogue of somatostatin, has a half-life of approximately 100 minutes. A comparison of the primary structures of octreotide and somatostatin suggests little similarity, but from earlier work at the Salk Institute it was known that not all the residues in somatostatin were necessary to elicit its full biological activity. Other studies suggested that the essential fragment for its activity was the tetrapeptide Phe7-Trp8- Lys9-Thr10. These earlier studies helped in the design of the potent drug now known as octreotide acetate. This drug suppresses the secretion of gastroenteropancreatic peptides, such as gastrin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), insulin, and glucagon, as well as pituitary GH. Furthermore, it is more potent than natural somatostatin in inhibiting the release of glucagon, insulin, and GH.

Octreotide is three times more potent than the native hormone in inhibiting the secretion of growth hormone glucagon and insulin in vivo. Octreotide regulates serum prolactin levels and resolves galactorrhea or (secondary) amenorrhea in acromegaly patients. Hence, this peptide can be considered as a potent therapeutic for acromegaly treatment.

Octreotide acetate(83150-76-9) is used by SC injection in the palliative treatment of patients with metastatic carcinoid tumors, which are tumors of the endocrine system, GI tract, and lung (gastroenteropancreatic). Carcinoid tumors secrete increasing amounts of vasoactive substances, including histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, and prostaglandins. Octreotide acetate inhibits or suppresses the release of these vasoactive substances and, thus, is useful in treating the severe diarrhea, facial flushing, and wheezing episodes that accompany carcinoid tumors. In addition, it finds use in the palliative management of VIP-secreting tumors (VIPomas, usually pancreatic tumors). Patients with VIPomas suffer a profuse, watery diarrhea syndrome, and octreotide acetate is able to help by decreasing the release of damaging intestinal tumor cell secretions. Octreotide also helps to reduce hypokalemia by correcting electrolyte imbalances.
An excessive secretion of GH from the pituitary can cause the disorder known as acromegaly, which is characterized by a progressive enlargement of the head, face, hands, feet, and thorax. Inasmuch as octreotide acetate is able to decrease the secretion of GH from the pituitary, it is used in treating patients with acromegaly who are unresponsive to previous pituitary radiation therapy or surgery. It is used in the treatment of acromegaly, because it reduces the blood levels of both GH and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). The long-acting repository form of octreotide acetate also is used in treating acromegaly, carcinoid tumors, and VIPomas, but in monthly depot injections.
Octreotide for IV injection is used in the treatment of acute bleeding from esophageal varices. Variceal bleeding occurs in about half the patients with cirrhosis of the liver and is responsible for about one-third of deaths in these patients. Octreotide is a potent vasoconstrictor that reduces portal and collateral blood flow by constricting visceral vessels, which leads to reduced portal blood pressure and decreases the bleeding.

Some common side effects of octreotide acetate include cardiac conduction disorder, gallbladder sludge, hyperglycemia, cardiac arrhythmia, and hypoglycemia.
Octreotide acetate may cause serious side effects, and if any of these occur, you should contact your doctor immediately. These side effects include signs of gallstones, high blood sugar, low blood sugar, and underactive thyroid. Signs of gallstones include fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, severe pain in your upper stomach spreading to your back, dark urine, clay-colored stools, or yellowing of the skin or eyes. Signs of high blood sugar include increased thirst, increased urination, dry mouth, and fruity breath odor. Signs of low blood sugar include headache, hunger, sweating, irritability, dizziness, fast heart rate, and feeling anxious or shaky. Signs of underactive thyroid include extreme tiredness, dry skin, joint pain or stiffness, muscle pain or weakness, hoarse voice, feeling more sensitive to cold temperatures, and weight gain.
https://www.drugs.com/sfx/octreotide-side-effects.html

Octreotide may be useful in the adjunctive treatment of hyperinsulinemia in patients with insulinomas (especially dogs, ferrets). Response is variable, presumably dependent on whether the tumor cells have receptors for somatostatin. Octreotide may also be useful in the diagnosis and symptomatic treatment of gastrinomas in dogs or cats. It may be of use in the treatment of acute pancreatitis, but more research is needed before it can be recommended for this use in veterinary patients.

-20°,protect from light,unstable in solution, ready to use.

Octreotide acetate(83150-76-9) is a synthetic somatostatin analogue with similar pharmacologic effects to naturally occurring somatostatin, but with a prolonged duration of action. It inhibits pathologically increased secretion of growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, and serotonin, insulin, glucagon, and other peptides produced within the gastro-entero-pancreatic endocrine system. Somatostatin is cell cycle phase-specific, mediating arrest at the G1- phase. Long acting somatostatin analogues have been shown to inhibit tumour growth.